Contribution À La Résolution Du Problème De Pénurie En Eau Potable Par La Distillation Solaire Des Eaux Saumâtres Dans Le Sud Algérien

Résumé: The supply of drinking water in many parts of the world remains a major problem. Its availability is one of the great challenges facing humanity and it will be one of the main factors limiting development in many parts of the world. In southern Algeria, the only source of fresh water is groundwater, but it is very saline. Solar distillation is one of the best solutions to supply drinking water to small commu- nities in arid and semi-arid areas where it is not available. The aim in this thesis is to improve solar distillation methods to increase distilled water production in the region (South-East-Algeria) using single slope solar still prototypes existing at the Process Engineering Laboratory (LGP) with the following techniques : 1. The first technique is the coupling of : (solar chimney and solar distiller). The results of the experiments show that the solar chimney strengthens the solar still with energy which leads to an average increase in the temperature of brackish water of 20°C. The daily production is 6.95 kg/ m2 day with an improvement of 158% compared to the conventional still. 2. The second technique is the addition of a layer of granite with five different masses (500g, 750g, 1kg, 1.25kg and 1.5 kg) in the basin still as an internal heat storage tank, the results show that : — The granite can improve efficiency of solar still — • The addition of black granite gravel with a mass of 500 g, 750 g, 1 kg, 1.25 kg and 1.5 kg improves the yield of the distiller by 5.43%, 9.83%, 26.53%, 34.09% and 33.25% respectively compared to the conventional distiller. — • The best result is with 1.25 kg of granite with a daily production of 4.135 kg/ m2 of distillate and with an improvement of 34.09%. 3. The third technique is the addition of date stones with different forms and layers as another internal heat storage reservoir, the results reveal that a layer of date stones with its two forms : stone and powder (504g) improved the yield by 45.66% and 29.45% respectively compared to the conventional distiller.

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