A Brief Overview Of Some Natural Molluscicides

Résumé: Schistosomiasis (Bilharziosis) is a major problem of socio-economic and public health in tropical and subtropical countries caused by the trematode Schistosoma. Is referred as the second most important parasitic disease after malaria and the third most prevalent parasitic disease in the world. About 200 million people of 74 tropical and subtropical countries of the world are infected with schistosomiasis, and about 20 million suffer severe consequences of the disease. An estimated that 600 million other people are reported to be at risk of this nematode disease, and about one million people die each year from the Bilharziosis complications One of the major preventive steps against trematode infection is the control of the vector snail population by use of molluscicides. In the schistosomiasis control, molluscicides activity has been achieved by using synthetic compounds which have high cost, along with increasing the possibility of snail resistance to these compounds and their toxicity in non- target organisms. The potential use of molluscicides plants has recently received considerable attention by using techniques commonly employed in phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Plant extracts have the advantage that, besides being less toxic in nature, environmentally-friendly alternatives and they can be degraded faster than the expensive synthetic molluscicides . In Algeria, there are three active schistosome centers (Schistosoma haematobium) carried by the intermediate host (Bulinus forskalii and Bulinus truncatus) in the Saharan oasis of Djanet region,Beni Abbes and Biskra and north in the area of Algiers (Mitidja, Reghaia, Gué of Constantine) finally near Oran (Jdioua). Thus, In Algeria, many local medicinal plants are screened and tested in the laboratory and proved to have molluscicidal activity. The objective of studies is to complement methods for controlling snails acting as intermediate hosts of schistosomes and thus reduce snail / human infection This bref reviews on natural molluscicides give and presents preliminary research of a molluscicidal screening programme carried out on some Algerian Saharan molluscicidal plants: Anvillea radiata, Artemisia herba alba Asso, Bubonium gravealens, Launaea nudicaulis, Warionea saharea [Asteraceae] ; Capparis spinosa L. [Capparidaceae]; Acacia raddiana [Fabaceae] et Limoniastrum Feei [Plumbagiaceae]. The studies required to search for the presence of bioactive compounds in the different plants extracts.

Publié dans la revue: PhytoChem & BioSub Journal