Réduction De L’évaporation Des Plans D’eau Par Les Films Monomoléculaires En Zones Arides.

Résumé: In this study, we presented one of the techniques used for the conservation of superficial water in the dry zones characterized by high temperatures (until 50°C in summer), very weak relative humidity and weak precipitation (less than 200 mm / year). This technique is the reduction of the evaporation by using a chemical substance capable of forming a thin layer on water surface. The experience that we made in a natural environment and under natural conditions is based on the use of the tubs of evaporation of type Colorado, these tubs 50 cms deep and 1m2 of surface are partially buried, 40 cms in the ground and 10 cms over the natural level of the ground, meadows of a typical meteorological station, we filled them with water then we put chemical substances which are two alcohols Hexadecanol (C16H34O) and Octadecanol (C18H38O) in their solid state as mentioned below: • The first tub: Hexadecanol • The second tub: mix Hexadecanol/Octadecanol • The third tub: Octadecanol • The fourth tub chemical substance was put, and the tub is considered as tub witness. We raised the losses by evaporation in four tubs during almost four months and the obtained results are: 1. The rate of the reduction of the evaporation, by using both chosen alcohols, is remarked in three tubs. 2. The rate of the reduction of the evaporation, for periods different from the supply in alcohol, is the best in the first tub fed by Hexadecanol. 3. The thin layer either the film on base of Octadecanol, for a long-term supply and contrary on a film on base of Hexadecanol, disappeared and these losses by evaporation are identical to those in the fourth tub not fed.

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