Intelligent Routing Protocols In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Résumé: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are considered as a fundamental technology to manage the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are a set of innovative technologies enabling a wide range of road traffic management and safety services. VANETs have gone from a simple curiosity stage to a true interest from both the point of view of the automotive industry and the operators of networks and services. Indeed, these networks are an emerging class of wireless networks, allowing data exchange between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructures placed along the roads and provide new technologies to improve the safety and efficiency of road transport. Following this same vision, commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or what are commonly referred to as drones, have been increased significantly over urban areas because of their affordable prices and the multiplication of different useful applications in which the UAVs can be the suitable support during their functioning. Consequently, we can consider vehicles and UAVs as two different entities, with different properties, belonging to the same area, and can form a single network dealing with various common constraints over this kind of environment. In this context, in this thesis, we are interested in the process of inter-vehicle communications in urban areas. Our aim is to propose a set of routing solutions meeting the constraints and difficulties of such environments based on the cooperation of UAVs with VANETs. Firstly, we propose a routing scheme which relies on selecting, at each moment and ahead of time, the most connected road segments towards the target destinations based on the Hello packets exchanged periodically between vehicles with the assistance of UAVs acting as supervisors. Secondly, we propose a routing scheme which consists of two routing components, the first supports the wireless communications on the ground exclusively between vehicles, while the second operates in the sky in order to support the communications exclusively between UAVs. Finally, we introduce a reactive-based routing approach based on a prediction technique to calculate the expiration time of each discovered routing path between communicating entities. Our proposed approaches are promising candidates for routing in VANETs, which can realize reliable and efficient end-to-end communications between nodes in urban areas. On the other hand, the performances of our approaches are evaluated based on a series of simulations, and its merits and pitfalls are well discussed.

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