L’importance De La Phase Pré-analytique Dans La Fiabilité Des Examens Biochimiques Dans Le Laboratoire Médical

Résumé: The quality and reliability of laboratory examinations are crucial for optimal patient management. The reliability of the laboratory results does not depend solely on a correct analysis technique; a good preparation of the Medical Biology Examination, meeting the recommendations, must precede the analytical phase. In fact, biological analyses are carried out on samples taken from patients under strict conditions, since the biological parameter to be measured must not undergo any qualitative or quantitative change between the collection and the analysis itself. More generally, mastering the quality of biological analyses involves mastering the pre analytical phase. It begins with the clinician prescribing of the analyses and schematically has a series of steps represented by: Preparation of the patient, collection of the specimen or biological liquid, storage, transport to the laboratory, receipt to the laboratory and sorting, processing and storage of samples if the analysis is deferred. The first three steps are often external to the laboratory and are unfortunately beyond the control of the biologist. There are three important factors in the pre-analysis process. The first factor is the time factor. It represents 20% of the diagnostic process. The second factor is that represented by people. There are a number of stakeholders involved in this process, including nurses, lab staff, doctors, technicians, etc. The third factor covers the various links in the process from the doctor’s prescription to the data entry, from the actual sampling to the transport... The prescriber and the sampler need to know the most important factors of influence and error in the pre-analysis process to ensure optimal laboratory diagnosis. Defective biological samples require re-sampling and result in additional personnel, equipment and procedural costs. If an anomaly is not detected or reported, it is quite possible that the results are erroneous and themselves responsible for unnecessary additional examinations. In addition to delayed diagnosis, non-compliance has a high cost. The non-conformity of the samples may also result in damage to the analyzers (for example, plugging). Because of the importance of the pre analytical phase and its direct relationship to laboratory results, we have chosen to conduct a field study and evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the medical biology laboratory.

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