ุญุฑูุฉ ุงูู ุนุชูุฏ ุจูู ุงููุต ูุฅุดูุงูุงุช ุงูุชุทุจูู: ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู ูุงุฑูุฉ ุจูู ุงูุดุฑูุนุฉ ูุงููุงููู
Rรฉsumรฉ: ุฌูุงุกู ู ูููุถููุนู ููุฐููู ุงูุฃูุทูุฑููุญูุฉู ุจูุนูููููุงูู: "ุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู ุจููููู ุงููููุตูู ูุฅูุดูููุงููุงุชู ุงูุชููุทูุจูููู-ุฏูุฑุงูุณูุฉู ู ูููุงุฑูููุฉู ุจููููู ุงูุดููุฑููุนูุฉู ูุงูููุงููููู-"ุ ูุงูุชูู ุญูุงููููุชู ู ููู ุฎูููุงููููุง ู ูุนูุงููุฌูุฉู ุงูุฅูุดูููุงูููููุฉู ุงูุฑููุฆููุณููููุฉู ุงูุขุชูููุฉู: ูููููู ููุธูุฑูุชู ููุตููุตู ุงูุดููุฑููุนูุฉู ุงูุฅูุณูููุงู ููููุฉู ูุงูููููุงููููู ุงูููุถูุนููููุฉู ููุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏูุ ูููููุฅูุฌูุงุจูุฉู ุนูููููุง ุณูุทููุฑูุชู ุฎูุทููุฉู ุงูุดูุชูู ูููุชู ุนูููู ุฃูุฑูุจูุนูุฉู ููุตูููู: ุนูุฑูุถู ุฃููููููููุง ุงูู ููุงูููู ู ูุงูุชููุทููููุฑู ุงูุชููุงุฑููุฎูููู ูููุฐููู ุงูุญูุฑูููููุฉู, ูุชูููุงูููู ุงูููุตููู ุงูุซููุงููู ุฅูููุฑูุงุฑู ุงูุดููุฑููุนูุฉู ุงูุฅูุณูููุงู ููููุฉู ููุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู ููู ููุตููุตูููุง, ุงุจูุชูุฏูุงุกู ุจูุงููููุตููุตู ุงูููุฑูุขูููููุฉูุ ูุงูุฃูุญูุงุฏููุซู ุงููููุจููููููุฉู ุงูุดููุฑููููุฉู, ุฅูููู ุนูุฑูุถู ุจูุนูุถู ุงูุดููููุงููุฏูุ ูุงูููููุงุฆูุนู ุงูุชูู ุชูุจูุฑูุฒู ุชูุนูุงู ููู ุงูู ุณูููู ูููู ู ูุนู ุงูุขุฎูุฑู, ุซูู ูู ุนูุงููุฌู ุงูููุตููู ุงูุซููุงููุซู ู ูุณูุฃูููุฉู ุชูููุซูููู ุงูููููุงููููู ุงูููุถูุนููููุฉู ููุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู, ุณูููุงุกู ููู ุงูุงุชููููุงูููููุงุชู ุงูุฏูููููููููุฉูุ ูุงูุนูุงููู ููููุฉูุ ูุงูุงุชููููุงูููููุงุชู ุงูุฅููููููู ููููุฉูุ ูุงูููุงุฑูููููุฉู, ููููููุชููููู ุจูุงููู ูุนูุงููุฌูุฉู ุงูููุงููููููููุฉู ูููุฐููู ุงูุญูุฑูููููุฉู ููู ุงูููุงููููู ุงูุฌูุฒูุงุฆูุฑูููู, ูุฎูุตููุตู ุงูููุตููู ุงูุฃูุฎููุฑู ููุฏูุฑูุงุณูุฉู ู ูุฌูู ููู ุงูุฅูุดูููุงููุงุชู ุงูุชูู ุชูุญูููู ุฏูููู ุชูุทูุจูููู ุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู ุนูููู ุฃูุฑูุถู ุงูููุงููุนู, ููู ุงููููููู ุงูุฅูุณูููุงู ููููุ ูุงูููุงููููู ุงูููุถูุนูููู. ูู ููู ุจููููู ุงููููุชูุงุฆูุฌู ุงูููุงู ููุฉู ุงูุชูู ููุตููู ุฅูููููููุง ุงูุจูุญูุซู ุฃูููู ุงูุดููุฑููุนูุฉู ุงูุฅูุณูููุงู ููููุฉูุ ูู ููู ุจูุนูุฏูููุง ุงูููููุงููููู ุงูููุถูุนููููุฉู ููุฏู ููููููุชู ูุถูู ูููุชู ุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู ุถูู ููู ููุตููุตูููุง, ุฅููููุง ุฃูููู ููุฐูุง ุงูุฅูููุฑูุงุฑู ููู ู ูููููู ุนูููู ุฅูุทูููุงูููู, ููููุฏู ูููููุฏูุชู ููุฐููู ุงูุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุจูุถูููุงุจูุทูุ ููููููุฏูุ ุณูููุงุกู ููู ุงูุดููุฑููุนูุฉู ุงูุฅูุณูููุงู ููููุฉูุ ุฃู ุงูููููุงููููู ุงูููุถูุนููููุฉู, ูููุฐููู ุงููููููุฏูุ ูุฅููู ุฌูุงุกูุชู ููู ู ููุฌูู ูููููุง ููุชูุญูุงููุธู ุนูููู ููุญูุฏูุฉูุ ูุงุณูุชูููุฑูุงุฑู ุงููู ูุฌูุชูู ูุนูุงุชู ู ููู ุงูุงุถูุทูุฑูุงุจูุงุชูุ ูุงูููุชููู, ุฅููููุง ุฃูููู ุจูุนูุถู ุงูุฃูููุธูู ูุฉู ุงูุณููููุงุณููููุฉู ุงุณูุชูุบููููุชู ููุฐููู ุงููููููุฏู ููุชูู ูุงุฑูุณู ุงูุชููุถูููููู ุนูููู ููุฐููู ุงูุญูุฑูููููุฉูุ ู ูู ููุง ููุนูุชูุจูุฑู ุฅูุดูููุงูุงู ููุญูููู ุฏูููู ุชูุทูุจูููู ุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงูู ุนูุชูููุฏู ุนูููู ุฃูุฑูุถู ุงูููุงููุนู, ููููุตูู ุงูุจูุญูุซู ุจูููุฌููุจู ุจูุฐููู ุงูุฏูููููู ูุงูุญููููู ูุงุชู ู ูุฌููููุฏูุง ุฃูููุจูุฑู ููู ุณูุจูููู ุชูุญูููููู ุงูุงููุชูุฒูุงู ู ุจูู ูุง ุฌูุงุกู ู ููู ุชูุนููููุฏูุงุชู ููุงูููููููุฉูุ ูุณูููุงุณููููุฉูุ ูุฃูุฎูููุงูููููุฉู, ููู ุฌูู ููุนู ุงููู ูููุงุซููููุ ูุงูุฅูุนูููุงููุงุชูุ ูุงูููููุงููููู ุฐูุงุชู ุงูุตููููุฉู ุจูุงูุญููููููุ ูุงูุญูุฑูููููุงุชู ุงูุฅูููุณูุงูููููุฉู, ุฏููููู ูุง ุชูู ููููุฒูุ ุฃููู ุชูููุตููุฑู, ุฎูุงุตููุฉู ู ูุง ุชูุนูููููู ุจูุญูุฑูููููุฉู ุงููู ูุนูุชูููุฏูุ ููุฃูููู ูููููุชูููุง ุงูุจูุงููุบูุฉู. The subject matter of this thesis is titled: "Freedom of Belief between Text and Problems of Application- A comparative study between sharia and Law -" in which the following main problem was tackled: How Islamic texts and positive laws looked at freedom of belief? To answer this question, a plan compromised four chapters was set; in the first chapter, the concepts and historical development of this freedom were presented. The second chapter dealt with the establishment of Islamic law (Sharia) for the freedom of belief in its texts, starting with the Quranic texts and the noble prophetic hadiths, to provide some evidence and facts that highlight the Muslimsโ treatment of the non-Muslims. The third chapter addressed the issue of documenting the positive laws of freedom of belief, whether in international, regional or continental agreements, and it concluded by the legal treatment of this freedom in Algerian law. The last chapter is devoted to studying the overall problems that prevent the application of freedom of belief on the ground, in Islamic jurisprudence and positive law. One of the main findings of the research is that the Islamic Sharia and then positive laws have guaranteed the freedom of belief within its texts, but not without restriction, as it was restricted by controls and restrictions, whether in Islamic Sharia or positive laws. However, even though these restrictions came to preserve the unity and stability of societies from Unrest and discord in their entirely, certain political systems took advantage of these restrictions to impose limitations on this freedom, which is a problem that prevents the implementation of freedom of belief on the ground. This research recommends that States and Governments should make greater efforts to achieve compliance with legal, political and moral commitments in all relevant, declarations, and laws related to human rights and freedoms, without distinction or default, especially as regards freedom of belief, which is of paramount importance.
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