Contribution À L’étude Des Polysaccharides Hydrosolubles De Quelques Plantes De La Famille Des Apiaceae Récoltées Dans La Région De Ghardaïa (sahara Septentrional Algérien)
Résumé: The study Crude water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the spontaneous plants, gums-resins of Ferula communis L. and inflorescences of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss et Dur., two species of Apiaceae family. They were collected from the region of Septentrional Est Algerian Sahara helped by maceration isolate three water-soluble polysaccharide fractions. They consist of a polysaccharide fraction of gum resins of F. communis (FC1), a fraction of gum-resins F. communis (FC2) and a fraction polysaccharide of inflorescences. of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (AL). The mass yield is 43.08% for FC1, 0.549% for FC2, and 4.051% for AL. The study of the chemical composition of crude extracts, reveals total saccharide rate of 72.60% (FC1), of 42.67% (FC2) and of 48.31% (AL). The neutral monosaccharides have the highest levels with 60.45% (FC1), 39.21% (FC2) and 31.74% (AL). Protein levels are 2.675%, 3.072%, 6.636% for the three fractions FC1, FC2 and AL respectively. The analysis of monosaccharides composition by TLC after hydrolysis by 2 M TFA for 4 hours and 6 hours at 100 ° C shows the presence of glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucuronic acid, the dominance of arabinose and xylose, and presence of glucose or galactose for AL. In the fractions of gum resins of F. communis, it is noted the presence of galactose in dominance, and arabinose for FC1. The measurement of the APTT anticoagulant activity, provides for the fraction AL 300 s. This value is higher than the normal control 30.9 s. The APTT of two fractions for FC1 and FC2 are 29.4 s, 27.5s. Weak effects fractions are obtained for the PT with no significant difference in the TT test for AL fraction. Antioxidant activities tested for the three fractions are 14.61% (FC1), 5.50% (FC2) and 13.46% (AL) to a concentration of 1mg / ml. Fractions were phagocytic activity of 11% for FC2 and AL, and 6% for FC1. However, zymosan used as positive control has an activity of 18%.
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