Profil Epidemiologique Et Aspects Therapeutiques Du Pneumothorax Au Niveau Du Service De Chirurgie Generale Et De Pneumologie A L’eph Ouargla Depuis Novembre 2018

Résumé: Pneumothorax is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, which can be life-threatening, it is a frequent pathology in worldwide and in Algeria. It can be spontaneous or traumatic. Our study focused on 102 cases of pneumothorax including 57 spontaneous cases and 45 traumatic cases in the pulmonology and general surgery department in EPH Mohamed Boudiaf from November 2018 to December 2021.The objective of our work is to describe the epidemiological profile and the therapeutic aspects of spontaneous and traumatic pneumothorax. Material and methods: this is a retrospective observational study including patients aged over 15 years old, who present a spontaneous (primary or secondary) or traumatic pneumothorax in their first episode or recurrence. Data collection is done using a form filled from medical records. Results: Among the 102 patients, there were 93.17% men and 6.86% women with a sex ratio of 13.57 in favor of men. Our population was between 15 and 85 years old with an average age of 41 years old. The most dominant risk factor is tabaco smoking in 80% of cases. There was a percentage of 55.88% for spontaneous pneumothorax, and 44.12% traumatic. Among the spontaneous pneumothoraxes: 28.07% are primary and 71.93% are secondary including 43.90% on emphysema and 29.82% are recurrent pneumothorax. Drainage was the most used first-line treatment modality in 60.78% of cases, followed by therapeutic abstention in 15.69% and exsufflation in 11.76%. Surgery only in 0.98% of cases. Among 71 drained patients, 63.38% drained via the axillary route and 36.62% via the anterior route. Conclusion: In the light of our study, we find that the young population is more and more concerned by this pathology, especially traumatic causes, and those who present underlying pulmonary pathologies make more spontaneous pneumothorax. The goal of the treatment of pneumothorax is to obtain a complete pulmonary reexpansion most often by thoracic drainage via the axillary route, and possibly to treat the cause in of secondary pneumothorax, hence the interest of carrying out an etiological investigation and preventing the risk factors in order to ensure good care and avoid complications.

Publié dans la revue: