Les Caractéristiques Epidémiologiques, Diagnostiques, Thérapeutiques D’une Serie Clinique De Thrombose Veineuse Profonde A L’eph- Mouhamed Boudiaf Ouargla

Résumé: Deep vein thrombosis is a serious pathology that remains frequent despite the progress of antithrombotic prophylaxis. It is an affection that poses a serious healthy problem through its morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to describe its epidemiological, clinical, etiological and therapeutic characteristicsof deep vein thrombosis of the lowers limbs in an internal medicine department. Patients and methods: This descriptive, retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalised in the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital Mohamed Boudiaf Ouargla for deep vein thrombosis of the lowers limbs for about two years, fromJanuary o1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. 40 observations were subsequently retained. Results: - The average age was 56,2 years (extremes: 24-93 years) with a predominance (17,5%) of the 45-74 age group. - We have noticed a male predominance with a Male/Female sex-ratio of 0, 66. - 42,5% of the patients had at least one thromboembolic risk factor, which age over 65 years and neoplasia were the main risk factors it’s represented by this order 13 cases, 07 cases. However the venous compression (May Thurner syndrome), taking medication (carbamazipine), nephrotic syndrome were the least encountered risk factor with 01 case for each one. We observed that 7 patients did not present any risk factor. - Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs was predominant involvement of the left lower limb in 25 cases (62,5%), the right lower limb in 14 cases (35%) and bilateral involvement in 01 cases (2,5%). - Clinical symptomatology is most often represented by pain for all patients and edema for 85%. - LMWH is the initial treatment for all patients where Enoxaparin Lovenox® has been used for 36 Patients and Tinzaparin Innohep® for 04 patients, the relay by VKA was established in 26 patients, the relay by directs orals anticoagulants (type (AcénocoumarolSintrom®) for 03 patients, pregnant women and cancer patients and the patient with high risk of bleeding : vascular malformation (May Thurner syndrome), hemorrhagic strike continued the treatment with Enoxaparin (Lovenox®), the non-drug-therapeutic (compression stokings) have always recommended. - Immediate evolution was favorable in 37 cases (92, 5%) the only complication that was marked during anticoagulant treatment with Enoxaparin Lovenox® is hemorrhagic we found 01 case, and there were 02 cases of death (causes no determined) Discussion and Conclusion: The results of our study confirms those of the literature review; deep vein thrombosis remains a serious condition. Once the diagnosis has been retained, the etiological assessment must be systematic, looking particularly for cancers. It is only through preventive measures early diagnosis and effective treatment that we can reduce its risks.

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