Impact Du Comportement Alimentaire Du Dromadaire Sur La Préservation Des Parcours Du Sahara Septentrional Algérien. Cas De La Région De Ouargla Et Ghardaïa

Résumé: The present work aims to study the ecological role of camel can be play in the Algerian Saharan pastoral space through the study of their diet. Our approach is to make a floristic study courses and monitor the behavior of the camel in its natural environment, and quantitative and qualitative measures of diet using micro-histological analysis of faces. The floristic study of different sites grazing camel shows a richness of 33 species belonging to 17familles 20 perennial and 13 ephemeral, with remarkable seasonal variability. However the diet of camel through the study followed the terrain and stool analysis has shown that it is very diversified composed of 23 species, 17 perennial species and 06 ephemeral species belonging to 13 botanical families with large seasonal variations. The quantitative study of ingested rations allowed to count from 1 to 4 mouthfuls maximum for each species, and to estimate an amount of mouthfuls ranged from 0.72 to 3.9 g. This allowed us to estimate the total quantities ingested between 2.94 and 17.2 kg DM / day, equivalent to 0.58 to 3.4 kg DM / 100 kg BW / day. The dromedary traveled long distances daily ranged from 20.2 to 50.46 km, allowing seeds dispersal content in feces in large areas and thus improving the biodiversity of Saharan pastures. The potluck index is between 0 and 0.6 confirming that this animal pastures the plants with a scattered way. In the end all behaviors camel studied put this animal first rank compared to other domestic species in terms of their positive impact on the pastures of Saharan rangeland

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