The Growth Of Nationalism In The Sudan Under Anglo- Egyptian Rule (1899-1956)

Résumé: Lord Cromer established the Condominium in 1899 after the defeat of the Khelifa and the reconquest of the Sudan. From then until the country became independent in 1956, Britain and Egypt were jointly responsible for the government of the territory which had been once Egyptian. The establishment by Britain of the ‘highly effective’ Sudan Political Service ensured, however, that control was largely in British hands. The joint responsibility could only result in tense relations between Britain and Egypt, and although when the Sudan decided on complete independence rather than some form of union with Egypt, Britain was much relieved. The latter regretted having to abandon her protégé Southern Sudanese so soon. On the whole, British administrators viewed with satisfaction their colonial enterprise in the Sudan with or without the Egyptians, their nominal co-domini. Nevertheless, if the Sudan’s independence was a source of ‘pride and anxiety’ for Britain, it was a painful thorn in the flesh of Egypt. This research traces the evolution of national and political consciousness in the Sudan under Condominium rule. It chronicles the growth of the major Sudanese political parties, their alliances and their complicated path to self-government and self-determination. There is an attempt, all throughout this research, to survey the events and indicate the major forces which have shaped Sudanese political history from the Condominium’s inception in 1899 to Sudan’s independence in 1956.

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