Une Nouvelle Approche Pour La Minimisation De La Consommation D’énergie Dans Les Réseaux De Capteurs Sans Fil

Résumé: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) generally consist of small smart devices called wireless sensors, capable of monitoring, collecting and transferring information. Data routing and energy consumed by the nodes is one of the main issues in the WSN, so it is necessary to have an effective strategy that takes into consideration the network energy. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a new approach to minimize energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. For this, we propose a new protocol named MOD_HEED (Modified Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed). Our protocol aims to reduce power consumption when transmitting data to the base station. The proposed MOD_HEED protocol based on a hierarchical architecture by combining the two hierarchical structures: a hierarchical cluster structure and a hierarchical chain structure. The cluster head (CH) election strategy based mainly on the residual energy and the strategy of building the chain connecting all the CHs in order to increase the energy efficiency of the network. We suggest two approaches to this protocol, depending on the criterion of routing the data to the base station. In the first approach, each CH sends its data and the data of its members to the base station. In the second approach, the CHs transmit data by forming a relay-to-relay chain back to the Base Station. The simulation results obtained show that our second approach minimizes the energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolongs the overall lifetime of the network and it performs better than the first approach.

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