ุญุฏู‘ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ( ููŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู‘ )
2022
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ูƒ
ูƒุดุฑูˆุฏ, ุนู„ูŠ

Rรฉsumรฉ: ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู ููŠู’ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูุบู€ุฉู ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู‘ุฉูุŒ ู‚ูˆู’ู„ูŒ ู…ูุฑูŽูƒู‘ูŽุจูŒ ู…ูู†ู’ ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู ูˆู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู ุฅู„ูŠู’ู‡ูุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุงู†ู ุงู„ุฑู‘ููƒู’ู†ุงู†ู ู‡ูู…ุง ุนูู…ู’ุฏูŽุฉู ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูุŒ ูู‡ูŠูŽ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ูŽุจู ุงู„ุฅุณู’ู†ุงุฏููŠู‘ู ุดูŠุกูŒ ูˆุงุญูุฏูŒุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูุดู’ุชุฑูŽุทู ููŠู…ุง ูŠูุณู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู‹ ุฃูˆู’ ู…ุฑูŽูƒู‘ูŽุจู‹ุง ุฅุณู’ู†ุงุฏููŠู‘ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู’ ูŠูููŠุฏูŽ ู…ุนู’ู†ู‹ู‰ ุชุงู…ู‘ู‹ุง ู…ููƒู’ุชูููŠู‹ุง ุจูู†ูู’ุณูู‡ูุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠูุดู’ุชุฑูŽุทู ููŠู…ุง ูŠูุณูŽู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏู’ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู ุชุงู…ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉู ูˆูŠูุณู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏู’ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู ุบูŠู’ุฑูŽ ุฐู„ููƒูŽ ูู„ุง ูŠูุณู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุญูŠู†ุฆุฐู ูŠูŽุฌูˆุฒู ุฅุทู’ู„ุงู‚ู ู…ูุตู’ุทู„ูŽุญู ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุฃูˆู ุงู„ุชู‘ุฑู’ูƒูŠุจู ุงู„ุฅุณู’ู†ุงุฏููŠู‘ู ุนู„ูŠู’ู‡ู. ูˆุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญูŠู’ุซู ุฃุตู’ู„ู ู…ุง ุชุจู’ุฏุฃู ุจูู‡ู ุฃูˆู’ ุจูุญุณูŽุจู ุจูู†ู’ูŠูŽุชูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽูู’ุธูŠู‘ูŽุฉูุŒ ุฃูŠู’: ุจูุญุณูŽุจู ุตุฏู’ุฑู ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ูˆู„ุง ุนูุจู’ุฑูŽุฉูŽ ุจูู…ุง ุชูŽู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู’ู‡ุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุญูุฑูˆูู: ูุนู„ููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ ุฃูˆู ุงูุณู’ู…ูŠู‘ุฉูŒ. ูุงู„ุตู‘ูˆุฑูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ูŽุฉู ู„ูู„ู’ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠู’ ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏูู‡ุง ูุนู’ู„ูŒุŒ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠูŽุชู€ู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุงู„ูุนู’ู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู ุฅู„ูŠู’ู‡ูุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑู ุฅู„ุงู‘ ู„ูุบุฑูŽุถู ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุชุถูŠู‡ู ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ู. ูˆุงู„ุตู‘ูˆุฑูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุฉู ู„ูู„ู’ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠู’ ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏูู‡ุง ุงูุณู’ู…ูŒุŒ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠุชู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุงู„ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู ุฅู„ูŠู’ู‡ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏูุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑู ุฅู„ุงู‘ ู„ูุบุฑูŽุถู ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุชุถูŠู‡ู ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ู. ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู’ู‡ูุŒ ูุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽุฉู ุชุฏูู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูุฏูˆุซูุŒ ูˆุฃู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ุงูุณู’ู…ูŠู‘ุฉู ูุชูŽุฏูู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซู‘ูุจูˆุชู. ูˆุชู†ู‚ูŽุณูู…ู ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญูŠู’ุซู ูˆุธูŠููŽุชูู‡ุง: ุฐุงุชูŽ ุงู„ู…ูŽุญูŽู€ู„ู‘ู ูˆุบูŠู’ุฑูŽ ุฐุงุชู ุงู„ู…ูŽุญูŽู„ู‘ูุŒ ูˆุจูุงุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑู ุงู„ูˆูŽุตู’ูู: ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู‹ ุตูุบู’ุฑู‰ ูˆุฌูู…ู’ู„ุฉู‹ ูƒูุจู’ุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุจูุงุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‘ูู’ูŠู ูˆุงู„ุฅุซู’ุจุงุชู: ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู‹ ู…ูŽู†ู’ููŠู‘ุฉู‹ ูˆุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู‹ ู…ูุซู’ุจูŽุชูŽุฉู‹. ูˆู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุซู‘ุงุจูุชูุŒ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ูŽูู‡ูˆู…ูŽ ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ู„ุฏู‰ ุจุนู’ุถู ู‚ูุฏุงู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุญู’ูˆููŠู‘ููŠู†ูŽ ุงู„ุนุฑูŽุจูุŒ ูƒุงู†ูŽ ู…ูู„ู’ุชูŽุจูŽุณู‹ุง ุจูู…ูู’ู‡ูˆู…ู ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูุŒ ูˆู„ู…ู’ ูŠูŽูƒูู†ู’ ุจูŠู’ู†ู‡ูู…ุง ููŽุตู’ู„ูŒ ููŠู’ ุงู„ุงูุณู’ุชุนู’ู…ุงู„ูุ› ูุงูู†ู’ู‚ุณูŽู…ูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูุญุงุฉู ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠู’ู†ู: ูุฑูŠู‚ูŒ ูŠุณู’ุชุฎู’ุฏูู…ู ู…ูุตู’ุทู„ูŽุญูŽ ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ูŽุฉู ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณู ุงู„ุชู‘ุฑุงุฏูููุŒ ูˆูุฑูŠู‚ูŒ ุซุงู†ู ู„ุง ูŠูุณูˆู‘ููŠู’ ุจูŠู’ู†ูŽ ุงู„ู…ูุตู’ุทู„ูŽุญูŠู’ู†ู ููŠู’ ุงู„ุงูุณู’ุชุนู’ู…ุงู„ู. Abstract The sentence in the Arabic language, is composed of a Predicate and a subject, these two elements constitute the pillar of speech, so, the sentence and the Paradigmatic Syntagma are the same concept, which does not require satisfying a sense as it is the case for speech, therefore, if there is a sense, it is a speech, otherwise we can call it sentence or paradigmatic syntagma. According to what it begins with, or to its structure, the sentence can be classified into two categories: The nominal sentence, and the verbal sentence. With regard to the sentence whose predicate is a verb, the verbal sentence, its structure stipulates that the verb is placed before the subject, which is found before the verb only for a specific reason dictated by meaning; The verbal sentence indicates an action. Concerning the structure of the sentence of which the predicate is a noun, it is the subject which is positioned first before the predicate, the reverse is only valid for a reason related to the desired meaning; the nominal sentence indicates the constancy. In term of classification of the sentence, we can classify it according to its function, either as a sentence which has a function, or a sentence without function, according to its description, we can classify it as principal clause and subordinate clause, and finally according to the affirmation or the negation as an affirmative sentence, or negative sentence. It is known that the concept of the sentence among some former Arabic grammarians was mixed with the concept of speech, both were used without distinction between them, thereafter, some grammarians continued on this path, while others have differentiated the two terminologies.

Mots-clรจs:

ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฅุณู’ู†ุงุฏููŠู‘ุฉู / ุงู„ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู / ุงู„ู…ูุณู’ู†ูŽุฏู ุฅู„ูŠู’ู‡ู / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠู‘ุฉ / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉ ุงู„ุงูุณู’ู…ูŠู‘ุฉ / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู…ูุฑูŽูƒู‘ูŽุจุฉ / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู…ูŽู†ููŠู‘ุฉู / ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู…ูุซู’ุจูŽุชุฉู.

Publiรฉ dans la revue: Aleph

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