Elaboration D’un Biocapteur (mwcnts-aunps/e.coli) Pour La Détection De Quelques Métaux Lourds (pb, Cd, Hg)
Résumé: The wide variety of inorganic pollutants and their diverse origins expand their contamination in the environment. In particular, their presence in liquid effluents including drinking water, which multiplies the risk of daily exposure to this type of contaminant. Consequently, it strongly affects the nervous system and generates cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these inorganic substances are distinguished by their very high toxicity which is characterized by their irreversible inhibitory action even at very low concentrations. Hence, the development of an analytical device for rapid detection of these pollutants in real time is of crucial importance. Unlike conventional measuring instruments, biosensors offer the advantage of on-site, continuous and real-time detection of the desired substance. This work aims to develop a new enzymatic biosensor for the detection of inorganic pollutants such as (mercury, lead, cadmium). The new sensing platform prepared in this work is based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on which enzymes from the inactivated bacteria (E.coli*) combined with the protein of bovine serum albumin (BSA) are deposited. The characterization of the nanocomposite is carried out by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and also with an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, physic-chemical methods are applied to confirm the biocompatibility of the nanocomposite based on MWCNTs-PVDF-AuNPs/E.coli*-BSA. The biosensor is successfully applied for the detection of heavy metals (Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+) in real samples like wastewater and cosmetic product with excellent selectivity. The biosensor is very sensitive (30.1 μA/ppb) with good stability and reliable reproducibility (RSD =0.23%) for the detection of lead ions and seems operational for the detection of other heavy metals.
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