Contribution À L'étude Chimique Et Biologique De Deux Plantes Médicinales De La Région Ouest D'algérie : Artemisia Arborescens L. Et Cardaria Draba (l.) Desv.

Résumé: In order to enhance the Algerian plants in the research for new biologically active molecules, two plants of the region of Tlemcen: Artemisia arborescens L. and Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. were tested for the chemical and biological screening. The results obtained in this work complement and reinforce a scientific approach increasingly common: the establishment of relations between the empirical use of plants by people and scientific knowledge, particularly chemical, of these plants. A chemical characterization of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation, using the techniques of GC and GC/MS was performed. New chemotypes were identified (Artemisia arborescens L.: Camphor), (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv: 6, 10,14 ñ trimethyl-2-pentadecanone and (E)- Phytol. Extractions of two different parts of plants, using three solvents of increasing polarity, were performed. Dosages of polyphenols and flavonoids evaluated respectively by the Folin - Ciocalteu method (F-C) and the method of the aluminum chloride showed that all extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds. An evaluation of the biological activities of essential oils and extracts of selected plants was investigated. The results show that the aqueous extract from the aerial part of Artemisia arborescens L. has a significant anti-diabetic activity. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity of essential oils of Artemisia arborescens L. was evaluated, in vitro, against eleven bacterial species. The oils showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against the strains: Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium. The anti-radical activity of essential oils and extracts of two plants was determined by the method of DPPH. All tested samples showed an acceptable anti-radical activity, compared with the reference antioxidants.

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