Étude Du Pouvoir Antioxydant Et L’effet Antidiabétique De L'infusion Du Mésocarpe De Balanites Aegyptiaca (l.) Delile, Chez Le Rat Wistar

Résumé: Diabetes mellitus and its complications are a major burden on global health. In Africa, herbalists recommend using the fruit of Balanites aegyptiaca for diabetes treatment. In this context, laborious efforts are being made to domesticate this tree in the region of Adrar. Therefore, the present work aims to investigate phytochemicals of the flesh from the domesticated of Balanites aegyptiaca (FBA) on the one hand. It also seeks, on the other hand, to evaluate its antidiabetic potential. First, we performed a phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the FBA before assessing of phenolic compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins) by colorimetric methods. Then the antioxidant capacity of the raw extract of Balanites aegyptiaca flesh (FBA) was evaluated by the DPPH test. The antidiabetic effect of infusion Balanites aegyptiaca flesh (IFBA) is studied in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes models; Wistar rats. These latters have been injected STZ at the dose of 60 mg/kg. The in vivo experiment were conducted over 28 days during which glycaemia and animal weight were monitored. At the end of the animal experiment, the rats have been sacrificed and the plasma biochemical parameters have been determined. Phytochemical tests reveal the diversity of secondary metabolites (terpenoid, polyphenols, and alkaloids) in the studied plant. The determination of phenolic compounds show that the flesh contains a considerable polyphenol content estimated at 1, 71 mg EAG/g MS. The DPPH test indicates that raw extract Balanites aegyptiaca flesh (REFBA) has a significant antioxidant capacity with an IC50 value of 0,037 mg/mL comparable to that of ascorbic acid of 0,044 mg/mL. The in vivo study confirms the antidiabetic activity of the flesh of Balanites aegyptiaca. In fact, we found a glycaemia average of 1, 6 g/L in diabetic rats treated with IFBA compared to untreated diabetic rats 4, 33 g/L. In addition, the results have revealed an increase in HDL and decrease in plasma LDL in diabetic rats treated with IFBA with. In fact, their values were estimated to be 74,02% and 12,06%, respectively. Moreover, IFBA treatment has significantly curtailed STZ-induced hepatic and renal dysfunctions of diabetic rats. Indeed, we noticed improvements of relative weights of the aforementioned organs as well as a decrease in plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT).We can conclude that the antidiabetic property of FBA would be linked in part to the antioxidant power of its secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols.

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