إشكالية إندماج المهاجرين المسلمين في دول الإتحاد الأوروبي وعلاقتها بتنامي ظاهرة الإسلاموفوبيا - دراسة حــالــة فرنسا -

Résumé: The study tackled the critical issue of integrating the Muslim immigrants in the countries of the European Union (EU) and its relation with the growing of Islamophobia. The problematic of the study revolves round the extent to which the growing Islamophobia does have an impact on integrating the Muslim immigrants in the EU’s countries. The researcher tried to respond to various problems concerning the state of the Muslim immigrants in Europe, to the most prominent challenges that encounter them, and to the policies applied by the European countries in order to facilitate the integration of the Muslim communities. In addition, the researcher tackled the issue of how the rise of Islamophobia affected the opportunities of that integration, the most apparent obstacles that face the integration, the ways to stand up to the phenomenon of Islamophobia. The researcher has taken ‘France’ as a case study as it is the European country that has the biggest Muslim community and the increase in islamophobic incidents against Muslims officially and commonly. The researcher started off from a hypothesis that Muslims suffer from a lot of obstacles that hinder their integration in the European societies, and above all those obstacles is Islamophobia. This latter has witnessed a considerable increase in the last twenty years due to the international changes among which are the terrorist attacks that toppled some Western countries and also the rise of the extreme right wing in the European arena. And to answer those queries, the researcher adopted a host of methods and approaches, the most important of which are the descriptive approach, a case-study approach and also by approaching the political culture and civilisation. The most important results the researcher arrived at are: - The issue of integrating the Muslim immigrants in Europe is a complex process that has to do with some political, economical, sociological and historical reasons. The Muslim in Europe is still looked at as a stranger or outlander that finds integration highly difficult owing to his/her being from a different social environment, and that he/she cannot coexist in a Christian secular environment. And this latter is a reason raised by most politicians, especially the leaders of the extreme right wing. - The policies exercised by the European countries to integrate the Muslim immigrants are considered unserious, and they do not express a real political will to realise the positive integration of the Muslim minorities; on the contrary, most of the time, they impede that very integration. - The phenomenon of Islamophobia is more a fabricated thing than a true reaction, and which expresses a historical buried rancour between Muslims and the West. There are those who would want to intensify or boost that hatred via media and the orientalists’ writings taking the terroristic operations as an argument or a sign about the Islamic world war on Christianity. - France is considered one of most countries where Muslims suffer marginalisation, isolation and poverty despite their being a minority exceeding six million persons. That could make the Muslim youth in France prone to be easily exploited by the extreme radical groups. - The Islamic institutions in France are trying to contribute to the process of integrating Muslims in the social life and availing all the ways that make the Muslim coexist in the French society and feel the spirit of citizenship, with preserving his/her identity and principles. Unfortunately, that too faces several obstacles and legal barriers, and also the financing problems.

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