تجارب المصالحة الوطنية في العالم المعاصر

Résumé: This study deals with research and analysis on the issue of national reconciliation, as it is the safe way out, which many countries that know internal conflicts have relied upon, as an integrated option to get out of their crises, although this option did not come from an internal political will in most cases. As much as the result of security repercussions and economic and international conditions surrounding the country in question, the option of national reconciliation was able to guarantee the safe return of security and stability, at least, to many countries and get them out of their internal crises and conflicts. Through this study, the researcher tries to find common factors between national reconciliation projects in the contemporary world, understand them and analyse them by making a comparison between two important projects, namely the national reconciliation project in Algeria and the national reconciliation project in South Africa, and how the project succeeded in South Africa despite the obstacles and pitfalls that stood in its way. Whereas, the Algerian project was satisfied with the security treatment of a crisis with a political dimension. This makes it a pending project until there is a real political will to address the crisis, in terms of its real causes and field results, and to find appropriate political solutions for it, within the civilized framework of the Algerian nation, and the researcher tried to set the theoretical framework for national reconciliation, then put it within the philosophical and civilizational framework. Then he worked on analysing the causes and manifestations of the political crisis in the two models under comparison, indicating the paths of safe exit from the crisis and the reasons for the shortcomings of each path, so that the researcher concluded the social and cultural peculiarities of each experiment and its effects on the success and failure of each experiment.

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